Chemical Engineering: EQUATIONS OF STATE

Thursday, December 17, 2009

EQUATIONS OF STATE

The equation which relate pressure-temperature-volume of substance,

the equation of state are useful for calculating properties of pure fluids and mixtures, for example, density of gas or liquid, vapor pressure, vapor-liquid equilibrium (vle), liquid-liquid equilibrium (lle), enthalpy, and entropy.
Mostely used form equations are

1. Van der Waals equations

2. Perturbation equations

3. Virial and extended virial equations

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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

Page 1

B.Tech. Chemical Engineering

CH331 Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics I 3 0 0 100

BASIC CONCEPTS

FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

SECOND LAW THERMODYNAMICS

THERMODYNAMIC FORMULATIONS

THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF REAL GASES

COMPRESSION OF FLUIDS

The terminologies of thermodynamics, the variables and quantities of thermodynamics, categorization of

systems and processes. Energy classifications, point and path properties, energy in transition, heat and work,

reversible and irreversible processes, phase rule.

The first law and internal energy, statements of first law for the non flow and flow systems, enthalpy and heat

capacity limitations of the first law.

Statements of the second law of thermodynamics, available and unavailable energies, The entropy function,

applications of the second law.

Measurable quantities, basic energy relations, maxwell relations, thermodynamic formulations to calculate

enthalpy, internal energy and entropy as fuction of pressure and temperature, other formulations involving Cp

and Cv, complex thermodynamic formulations, thermodynamic properties of an ideal gas, entropy change in

reversible and irreversible process.

The PVT behaviour of fluids, laws of corresponding states and equation of states approaches to the PVT

relationships of non ideal gas problems, compressiblity factors, generalised equations of state, property

estimation via generalised eqaution of state , fugacity and fugacity coefficients of real gases.

Thermodynamic aspects of compression process,classification of compression processes, basic equation for

change of state of gases, the work expression for different situations, the effect of clearance volume, multistage

compression, convergent divergent flow, Ejectors.

Syllabus for

Page 2

CH331 Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics I 3 0 0 100

Text Book :

1. Smith, J.M., Van Ness, H.C., " Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics ",

Kogakushai 1976.

References:

1. Hougen, O.A., Watson, K.M., and Ragatz, R.A., " Chemical Process Principles Part II,

Thermodynamics ", John Wiley 1970.

2. Dodge, B.F., " Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics ", McGraw-Hill, 1960.

3. Sandler, S.I., " Chemical and Engineering Thermodynamics 2nd edn. ", Wiley, 1989.

4. Kyle, B.G., " Chemical and Process Thermodynamics 2nd edn. ", Prentice Hall of India Pvt.Ltd., 1990.

Page 3

CH332 Chemical Process Calculation 3 0 0 100

UNITS AND DIMENSIONS

GAS CALCULATIONS

MATERIAL BALANCE

HUMIDITY AND SATURATION

FUELS AND COMBUSTION

THERMO PHYSICS

THERMOCHEMISTRY

Basic and derived units, use of model units in calcualtions, Methods of expression, compositions of mixture and

solutions.

Ideal and real gas laws - Gas constant - calculations of pressure, volume and temperature using ideal gas law.

Use of partial pressure and pure component volume in gas calculations, applications of real gas relationship in

gas calculation.

Stoichiometric principles, Application of material balance to unit operations like distillation, evaporation,

crystallisation, drying etc., - Material balance with chemical reaction - Limiting and excess reactants - recycle -

bypass and purging - Unsteady state material balances.

Calculation of absolute humidity, molal humidity, relative humidity and percentage humidity - Use of humidity

in condensation and drying - Humidity chart, dew point.

Determination of Composition by Orsat analysis of products of combustion of solid, liquid and gas fuels -

Calculation of excess air from orsat technique, problems on sulphur and sulphur burning compounds.

Heat capacity of solids, liquids, gases and solutions, use of mean heat capacity in heat calculations, problems

involving sensible heat and latent heats, evaluation of enthalpy.

Standard heat of reaction, heats of formation, combustion, solution, mixing etc., calculation of standard heat of

reaction - Effect of pressure and temperature on heat of reaction - Energy balance for systems with and without

chemical reaction. - unsteady state energy balances.

Total No of periods: 45

Page 4

CH332 Chemical Process Calculation 3 0 0 100

Text Books:

1. Bhatt, B.L., VORA, S.M., " Stoichiomentry ", Tata McGraw-Hill, 1976.

2. Hougen, O.A., Watson, K.M and Ragatz, R.A., " Chemical Process Principles Part-I ",

John Wiley and Asia Publishing, 1970.

References:

1. Himmelblau, D.M., " Basic Principles and Calculations in Chemical Engineering ",

Fourth Edition, Prentice Hall Inc., 1982.

2. Whitwell, J.C., Tone, R.K. " Conservation of Mass and Energy ", McGraw-Hill, 1973.

3. Process Calculation for Chemical Engineering, Second Revised Edition, Chemical

Engineering Education Developement Centre, I.I.T., Madras, 1981.

Page 5

CH333 Fluid Mechanics 3 0 0 100

INTRODUCTION

PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION IN A FLUID

INTEGRAL RELATIONS FOR A CONTROL VOLUME

DIFFERENTIAL RELATIONS FOR A FLUID PARTICLE

DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS AND SIMILITUDE

VISCOUS FLOW IN DUCTS AND BOUNDARY LAYER FLOW

FLOW MEASUREMENT AND TUBRO MACHINERY

COMPRESSIBLE FLOW

COMPUTATIONAL FLUID MECHANICS

The concept of fluid, the fluid as a continum - laws of dimensional homogenety - properties of velocity field -

thermodynamic properties of a fluid - viscosity and other secondary properties - basic flow analysis techniques -

flow patterns.

Pressure and pressure gradient - equilibrium of fluid element - hydrostatic pressure distributions - applications to

manometry - Hydrostatic forces on planed and curved submerged surfaces - laws of buoyancy and stability

considerations for bodies in floatation.

Basic laws of fluid mechanics, concept of system and control volume concept - The Reynold's transport theorem

- continuity equation - the linear momentum equation - the angular momentum theorem - steady flow energy

equation - friction less flow - Bernoulli equation - relation between the Bernoulli and steady flow energy

equation.

The acceleration field of a fluid - the differential equation of conservation of mass - the differential equation of

linear momentum - the Euler's and Navier -Stoke's equations - differential equation of energy - boundary

conditions for the basic equations - the stream function, vorticity and irrotationality.

The principle of dimensional homogeneity - the Pi-theorem - non-dimensional action of the basic equations -

similitude - relationship between dimensional analysis and similitude - use of dimensional analysis for scale up

studies.

Reynold's number regimes, internal versus external viscous flow, flow in circular pipe - head loss, minor losses

in pipe systems and multiple-pipe systems - boundary layer concepts, functions and pressure drag - flow through

fixed and fluidised beds.

Constant and variable headmeters - classification of pumps - performance curves - matching pumps to system

charateristics, compressors and its efficiency.

Adiabatic and isentropic flow with the area changes, shock waves, operation of convergence and divergence

nozzles, compressible duct flow with friction.

Introduction, numerical operations for differentiation and integration, fluid flow problems represented by partial

differential eqaution.

Total No of periods: 45

Page 6

CH333 Fluid Mechanics 3 0 0 100

Text Books:

1. Noel de Nevers, " Fluid Mechanics for Chemical Engineers ", Second Edition, McGraw-Hill

Inc, 1991.

2. Liggett, J.A., " Fluid Mechanics ", International Edition, McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1994.

References:

1. Shames, I.H., " Mechanics of Fluids ", Third Edition, McGraw-Hill Inc., 1992.

2. White, F.M., " Fluid Mechanics ", Third Edition, McGraw-Hill Inc., 1994.

3. Daughenty, R.L., Franzini, J.B and Finnemore, E.J., " Fluid Mechanics with Engineering

Applications ", SI metric Edn., McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1989.

4. Streeter, V.L., Wylie, E.B., " Fluid Mechanics ", First SI metric Edition, McGraw-Hill Book

Company, 1989.

5. Welty, J.R., Wicks, C.E and Wilson, R.E., " Fundamentals of Momentum, Heat and Mass Transfer ",

Third Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 1984.

Page 7

CH334 Chemical Process Industries II 3 0 0 100

PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRIES

SUGAR AND STARCH INDUSTRIES

OILS, FATS, SOAPS AND DETERGENT INDUSTRIES

PETROLEUM AND PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRIES

POLYMERS

SYNTHETIC FIBRE AND FILM INDUSTRIES

FOOD PRESERVATION

Cellulose derivatives, pulp, paper and boards.

Raw and refined sugar, by products of sugar industries, Starch and starch derivatives.

Vegetable oils and animal fats, their nature, analysis and extraction methods, hydrogenation of oils, fatty acids

and alcohols, waxes, soaps, synthetic detergents.

Petroleum refining, physical and chemical conversion products, lubricating oils, petrochemical precursors,

methane, olefines, acetylenes and aromatics and products obtained from them by various unit processes.

Monomer Materials, Thermo plastic and Thermosetting materials (such as polythylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl

chloride, polytetra fluro ethane) and PF resins; Epoxy and polyesters - Natural rubber; Synthetic rubber such as

SBR, NBR, CR - Fundamental methods of processing of synthetic Rubbers.

Viscose rayon, cuprammonium and cellulose acetate, nylons, polyesters, acrylics.

Food Addition - Food Processing - Food preservation

Total No of periods: 45

Page 8

CH334 Chemical Process Industries II 3 0 0 100

Text Books:

1. Austin, G.T., " Shreve's Chemical Process Industries ", Fifth Edition, McGraw-Hill

International Book Co, Singapore, 1984.

2. Dryden, C.E., " Outlines of Chemical Technology ", Edited and Revised by Gopala

Rao. M. and M.Sittig, Second edition, Affiliated East-West press, 1993.

References:

1. Kent, J.A.(ed), " Riggel's Hand Book of Industrial Chemistry ", Van Nostrant Reinhold, 1974.

2. CHEMTECH 1-4, " Chemical Engineering Education Development Centre ", I.I.T., Madras 1975-78.

Page 9

CH335 Mechanical Operations 3 0 0 100

PARTICLE CHARACTERISTICS AND SIZE ANALYSIS

SIZE REDUCTION

MECHANICAL SEPARATIONS

FILTRATION

MIXING AND AGITATION

STORAGE AND CONVEYING OF SOLIDS

General characteristics of solids, their behaviour under different external forces, agglomeration, techniques for

size analysis.

Laws of size reduction, classification of equipment, methods of size reduction, disintegration, preparation of

colloids.

Screening and Screening equipment, effectiveness of screens, gravity settling, sedimentation, thickening,

centrifugal separation,impingement methods, industrial dust removing equipment with special reference to

electrostatic and magnetic separators, heavy media separations, floatation.

Theory of filtration, Batch and continuous filters, centrifuges, membrane and ultra filtration.

Equipment for blending and kneading, dispersion, power for agitation, correlations.

Conveyors, elevators, pneumatic conveying, Different methods for storage of solids.

Total No of periods: 45

Page 10

CH335 Mechanical Operations 3 0 0 100

Text Book :

1. Mccabe,W.L, Smith J.C ., " Unit Operations in Chemical Engineering ", McGraw-Hill, Fourth Edition,

1984.

References:

1. Coulson, J.M., Richardson, J.F., " Chemical Engineering ", Volume 2, Third Edition, Pergamon

Press, 1977.

Page 11

MA037 Special Functions, Difference Equations and Z-transforms 3 1 0 100

IMPROPER INTEGRALS AND SERIES SOLUTIONS

BESSEL FUNCTIONS

LEGENDRE POLYNOMIALS

HERMITE AND LAGUERRE POLYNOMIALS

DIFFERENCE EQUATIONS AND Z-TRANSFORM

TUTORIAL

Improper integrals-Gamma and Beta functions, Series solutions-Ordinary point, regular singular point of second

order linear ordinary differential equation, series solution to a second order linear ordinary differential equation

about an ordinary point and a regular singular point.

Bessel's equation, bessel functions, recurrence relations, orthogonality property, generating function, equations

reducible to Bessel's equation, modified Bessel functions. Applications to boundary value problems.

Legendre's equation, Legendre Polynomials, Rodrigue's formula generating function, recurrence relations,

orthogonality property, Applications to boundary value problems.

Hermite and Leguerre equations and their solutions-Polynomials, Rodrigue's formula, generating functions,

recurrence relations, orthogonality property.

Linear difference equation with constant coefficients, elementary properties of z transform applications of z

transform, application of z transform to difference equations.

Total No of periods: 60

Page 12

MA037 Special Functions, Difference Equations and Z-transforms 3 1 0 100

Text Book :

1. Andrews.L.A., " Special Function for Scientist and Engineers ", McGraw-Hill, 1992.

References:

1. Narayanan, S.Manicavachagam Pillay and Ramanaiah.G, " Advanced Mathematics for Engineering

Students ", Vol II and III S.Viswanathan Printers Private Limited, Madras, 1985.

2. Grewal, B.S., " Higher Engineering Mathematics ", Khanna Publishers, Delhi, 1989.

3. Andrews, L.C., and Shivamoggi, B.K., " Integral Transforms for Engineers and applied Mathematicians ",

MacMillan, New York, 1988.

Page 13

CH336 Technical Analysis Lab II 0 0 4 100

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS * 60

1. Oil Analysis: (3 experiments)

a) Acid value

b) Saponification value

c) Iodine value

2. Soap Analysis: (2 experiments)

a) Alkali Content

b) Fatty acid content of Soap

3. Estimation of purity of glycerol: by Dichromatic method

4. Analysis of water:

Determination chlorine demand in water : Estimation of residual chlorine in water by Volumetric method

5. Cement Analysis (3 experiments)

a) Estimation of silica content

b) Estimation of calcium oxide content

c) Estimation of mixed oxide content

6. Fertilizer Analysis:

Estimation of Nitrozen in Urea by Kjeldals method

* Minimum TEN experiments shall be offered.

Total No of periods: 60

Page 14

CH336 Technical Analysis Lab II 0 0 4 100

Page 15

CH337 Chemical Engineering Lab I 0 0 4 100

FLUID MECHANICS AND MECHANICAL OPERATION LAB 60

List of Experiments *

1. Calibration of constant and variable Head meters

2. Calibration of Weirs

3. Flow through straight pipe

4. Pressure drop studies in packed column

5. Fluidisation

6. Characteristic curves of centrifugal pump

7. Ball mill

8. Leaf filter

9. Filter press

10. Effectiveness of screens

11. Sedimentation

12. Cyclone separator

* Minimum 10 experiments shall be offered.

Total No of periods: 60

Page 16

CH338 Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics II 3 0 0 100

PROPERTIES OF SOLUTIONS

PHASE EQUILIBRIA

CORRELATION AND PREDICTION OF PHASE

EQUILIBRIA

CHEMICAL REACTION EQUILIBRIA

REFRIGERATION

Partial molar properties, ideal and non-ideal solutions, standard states definition and choice, Gibbs-Duhem

equation, excess properties of mixtures.

Criteria for equilibrium between phases in multi component non-reacting systems in terms of chemical potential

and fugacity, application of phase rule, vapour-liquid equilibrium, phase diagrams for homogeneous systems and

for systems with a miscibility gap, effect of temperature and pressure on azeotrope composition, liquid-liquid

equilibrium, ternary liquid-liquid equilibrium.

Activity coefficient-composition models, thermodynamic consistency of phase equilibria, application of the

correlation and prediction of phase equilibria in systems of engineering interest particularly to distillation and

liquid extraction processes.

Definition of standard state, standard free energy change and reaction equilibrium constant, evaluation of

reaction equilibrium constant, prediction of free energy data, equilibria in chemical reactors, calculation of

equilibrium compositions for homogeneous chemical reactors, thermodynamic analysis of simultaneous

reactions.

Principles of refrigeration, methods of producing refrigeration, liquefaction process, co-efficient of performance,

evaluation of the performance of vapour compression and gas refrigeration cycles.

Total No of periods: 45

Page 17

CH338 Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics II 3 0 0 100

Text Books :

1. Smith , J.M., Van Ness, H.C., " Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics ",

Kogakushai 1976.

2. Kyle, B.G., " Chemical and Process Thermodynamics 2nd edn. ", Prentice Hall of India Pvt.Ltd., 1990.

References:

1. Hougen, O.A., Watson, K.M., and Ragatz, R.A., " Chemical Process Principles Part II ",

Thermodynamics, John Wiley, 1970.

2. Dodge, B.F., " Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics ", McGraw-Hill, 1960.

3. Sandler, S.I., " Chemical and Engineering Thermodynamics ", 2nd Edition., Wiley, 1989.

Page 18

CH339 Chemical Reaction Engineering I 3 0 0 100

REACTION KINETICS

IDEAL REACTORS

CHOICE OF REACTORS

HEAT EFFECTS IN REACTORS

REACTOR STABILITY

REACTION EQUILIBRIA

Law of mass action, rate equation, elementary, non-elementary reactions and their mechanisms, theories of

reaction rate and temperature dependency, analysis of experimental reactor data, evaluation of rate equation,

integral and differential analysis for constant variable volume system, fitting of data complex reaction

mechanism.

Design for homogeneous systems, batch, stirred tank and tubular flow reactor, design of reactors for multiple

reactions, combination reactor system, size comparison of reactors.

Factors affecting choice, optimum yield and conversion, selectivity, reactivity and yield problems, consecutive,

parallel and mixed reactions, recycle.

Isothermal and nonisothermal homogeneous reactor systems, adiabatic reactors, rates of heat exchanges for

different reactors, design for constant rate heat input and constant heat transfer coefficient,operation, batch and

continuous reactors, optimum temperature progression.

Criteria for stability of reactors, limit cycles and oscillating reaction, parameter sensitivity.

Equilibrium in chemically reactive systems, evaluation of reaction equilibrium constant, effect of temperature on

equilibrium, application to system involving gaseous components, computation of equilibrium composition.

Total No of periods: 45

Page 19

CH339 Chemical Reaction Engineering I 3 0 0 100

Text Books:

1. Levenspiel.O, " Chemical Reaction Engineering ", John Wiley, Second Edition, 1972.

2. Smith.J.M., " Chemical Engineering Kinetics ", McGraw-Hill Third Edition, 1981.

Page 20

CH340 Mass Transfer I 3 0 0 100

DIFFUSION

MASS TRANSFER COEFFICIENTS

HUMIDIFICATION AND AIR CONDITIONING

DRYING

CRYSTALLISATION

Molecular and eddy diffusion in gases and liquids, steady state diffusion under stagnant and laminar flow

conditions Diffusivity measurement and prediction , multicomponent diffusion, diffusion in solids and its

applications.

Concept of mass transfer coefficients, mass transfer under laminar and turbulent flow past solids, boundary

layers, mass transfer at fluids surfaces correlation of mass transfer coefficients, JD,HTU,and NTU concepts,

theories of mass transfer and their applications, interphase mass transfer and over all mass transfer coefficients in

binary and multicomponent systems, application to gas-liquid and liquid-liquid systems.

Basic concepts, psychrometric chart construction, Humidification and dehumidification operations, design

calculations, cooling tower principle and operation, types of equipment, design calculation.

Theory and mechanism of drying, drying characteristics of materials, batch and continuous drying, calculation

for continuous drying, drying equipment, design and performance of various drying equipments.

Nuclei formation and crystal growth, theory of crystallisation, growth coefficients and the factors affecting these

in crystallisation, batch and continuous industrial crystallisers, principle of design of equipment.

Total No of periods: 45

Page 21

CH340 Mass Transfer I 3 0 0 100

Text Books :

1. Coulson, J.M., Richardson, J.F., " Chemical Engineering ", Pergamon Press, 1977.

2. Foust, A.S.Wenzel, L.A., Clump, C.W., Naus, L., and Anderson, L.B., " Principles of Unit Operations ",

Second Edition, Wiley, 1980.

References:

1. Treybal, R.E., " Mass Transfer Operations ", McGraw-Hill Kogakusha, 1980.

2. Sherwood, T.K., Pigford, R.L., and Wilke, C.R., " Mass Transfer ", McGraw-Hill, 1976.

3. Mccabe, W.L., Smith, J.C., and Harriot, P., " Unit Operations in Chemical Engineering ",

McGraw-Hill Edn, 1993.

4. Roman Zarzytci, Andrzai Chacuk, " Absorption: Fundamentals and Application ", Pergamon

Press, 1993.

5. Skelland, A.H.P., " Diffusional Mass Transfer ", Krieger, Malabar FL (1985).

6. Strigle (jr), R.F., " Packed Tower Design and Applications ", Second Edition, Gulf Publishing

Company, USA., 1994.

7. Strumila, C.Kudra, T., " Drying Principles: Applications and Design ", Gordan and Breath Science

Publishers, U.K., 1986.

Page 22

CH341 Heat Transfer 3 0 0 100

BASIC PRINCIPLES

CONDUCTION

FILM COEFFICIENTS AND THEIR APPLICATION

CONVECTION

HEAT EXCHANGERS

RADIATION

EVAPORATION

Importance of heat transfer in Chemical Engineering operations - Modes of heat transfer - Mean temperature

difference.

Concept of heat conduction - Fourier's law of heat conduction - one dimensional steady state heat conduction

equation for flat plate, hollow cylinder, hollow sphere - Heat conduction through a series of resistances -

Analogy between flow of heat and flow of electricity - Thermal conductivity measurement; effect of temperature

on thermal conductivity; conduction through liquids.

Individual and overall heat transfer coefficients and the relationship between them - Conduction with heat

source - Two dimensional steady state conduction - Analytical and graphical methods - Transient heat

conduction.

Concept of heat transfer by convection - Natural and forced convection - Application of dimensional analysis for

convection - Equations for forced convection under laminar, transition and turbulent conditions - Equations for

natural convection - Heat transfer from condensing vapours, heat transfer to boiling liquids - Influence of

boundary layer on heat transfer - Heat transfer to molten metals - Heat transfer in packed and fluidised beds.

Parallel and counter flow heat exchangers - Log mean temperature difference - Single pass and multipass heat

exchangers; plate heat exchangers; use of correction factor charts; heat exchangers effectiveness; number of

transfer unit - Chart for different configurations - Fouling factors and wilson's plot - Design of various types of

heat exchangers - Design of furnaces - Design of condensers, - Design of tubular reactors.

Concept of thermal radiations - Black body concept - Stefan Boltsman's law -concept of grey body - radiation

between surfaces.

Types of evaporation - single effect and multiple effect evaporation - Design calculation for single and multiple

effect evaporation.

Total No of periods: 45

Page 23

CH341 Heat Transfer 3 0 0 100

Text Books:

1. Binay K.Dutta "Heat Transfer Principles and Applications", Prentice Hall of India, 2001.

2. Kenn, D.Q., " Process Heat Transfer ", McGraw-Hill - Revised adition - 1999.

References:

1. McAdams, W.H., " Heat Transmission ", McGraw-Hill, 1964.

2. Kreith, F., " Principles of Heat Transfer ", Third Edition, Harper and Row, 1976.

3. Necati ozisik, M., " Basic Heat Transfer ", McGraw-Hill, Kogakusha, 1977.

4. Giedt, W.H., " Principles of Engineering Heat Transfer ", D.Van Nostrand Company Inc., 1957.

5. Mccabe, W.L., Smith, J.C., " Unit Operations in Chemical Engineering ", McGraw-Hill, Kogakusha,

1976.

6. Coolson, J.M., Richardson, J.F., " Chemical Engineering ", Vol.I., Pergamon and ECBS, 1970.

Page 24

CH342 Process Instrumentation Dynamics and Control 3 0 0

Laplace transformation, transform of standard functions, derivatives and integrals, inversion, theorems in

Laplace transformation, application.Open-loop systems, first order systems and their transient response for

standard input functions, first order systems in series, linearization and its application in process control, second

order systems and their dynamics, transfer function for chemical reactors and dynamics.

Closed loop control systems, development of block diagram for feed-back control systems, servo and regulator

problems, Transfer function for controllers and final control element, principles of pneumatic and electronic

controllers, transportation lag, transient response of closed-loop control systems and their stability.

Introduction to frequency response of closed-loop systems, control system design by frequency, Bode diagram,

stability criterion, Nyquist diagram; Tuning of controller settings.

Controller mechanism,introduction to advanced control systems, cascade control, feed forward control, control

of distillation towers and heat exchangers, introduction to microprocessors and computer control of chemical

processes.

Principles of measurements and classification of process control instruments, measurements of temperature,

pressure, fluid flow, liquid weight and weight flow rate, viscosity and consistency, ph, concentration, electrical

and thermal conductivity, humidity of gases, composition by physical and chemical properties and spectroscopy.

Total No of periods: 45

.Page 25

CH342 Process Instrumentation Dynamics and Control 3 0 0 100

Text Books :

1. Coughnowr and Koppel, " Process Systems Analysis and Control ", McGraw-Hill, New

York, 1986.

2. George Stephanopolous, " Chemical Process Control ", Prentice-Hall of India Pvt-Ltd.,

New Delhi, 1990.

References:

1. Emenule, S.Savas, " Computer Control of Industrial Processes ", McGraw-Hill, London, 1965.

2. Eckman, D.P., " Industrial Instrumentation ", Wiley, 1978.

Syllabus to be followed from the semester commencing from December 2003 onwards

MA038 NUMERICAL METHODS 3 1 0 100

1. SOLUTION OF EQUATIONS AND EIGEN VALUE PROBLEMS 9

Iterative method, Newton – Raphson method for single variable and for simultaneous equations

with two variables. Solutions of a linear system by Gaussian, Gauss-Jordan, Jacobi and Gauss –

Seidel methods. Inverse of a matrix by Gauss – Jordan method. Eigen value of a matrix by Power

and Jacobi methods

2. INTERPOLATION 9

Newton’s divided difference formulae, Lagrange’s and Hermite’s polynomials. Newton forward

and backward difference formulae. Stirling’s and Bessel’s Central difference formulae.

3. NUMERICAL DIFFERENTIATION AND INTEGRATION 9

Numerical differentiation with interpolation polynomials, Numerical integration by Trapezoidal

and Simpson’s (both 1/3rd and 3/8th) rules. Two and Three point Gaussian quadrature formula.

Double integrals using Trapezoidal and Simpson’s rule.

4. INITIAL VALUE PROBLEMS FOR ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

Single step Methods – Taylor Series, Euler and Modified Euler, Runge – Kutta method of order

four for first and second order differential equations. Multistep Methods-Milne and Adam’s

Bashforth predictor and corrector methods.

5. BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS FOR ORDINARY AND PARTIAL

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 9

Finite difference solution for the second order ordinary differential equations. Finite difference

solution for one dimensional heat equation (both implicit and explicit), One-dimensional wave

equation and two-dimensional Laplace and Poisson equations.

L = 45 T = 15 Total = 60

TEXT BOOKS

1. Sastry, S.S., “Introductory Methods of Numerical Analysis (Third Edition)”, Prentice

Hall of India, New Delhi, 1998.

REFERENCES

1. Kandasamy, P.,Thilakavthy, K. and Gunavathy, K. “Numerical Methods”, S.Chand and

Co., New Delhi ,1999.

2. Grewal B.S., Grewal J.S., “Numerical Methods in Engineering and Science”, Khanna

Publishers, New Delhi, 1999.

3. Jain M.K., Iyengar S.R.K and Jain R.K., “Numerical Methods for Engineering and

Scientific Computation (Third Edition)”, New Age International (P) Ltd., New Delhi,

1995.

4. Gerald C.F., Wheatley P.O., Applied Numerical Analysis (Fifth Edition), Addison –

Wesley, Singapore, 1998.

5. Narayanan S., Manickavachakam Pillai K. and Ramanaiah G., “Advanced Mathematics

for Engineering Students-Vol.-III”, S.Viswanathan Pvt. Ltd., Chennai, 1993.

Page 28

CH343 Chemical Process Equipment Design I 0 1 3 100

DRAWING AND DESIGN DETAILS OF 60

1. PRESSURE VESSELS

Constructional details and supporting structure.

2. HEAT EXCHANGERS

Single and multipass heat exchangers, Double pipe, floating head exchangers, constructional details and

assembly.

3. EVAPORATORS

Constructional details and assembly drawings.

4. DISTILLATION TOWER

Constructional details and assembly drawings of packed and plate towers.

5. FILTERS AND CENTRIFUGES

Constructional details and assembly drawings of filters and Centrifuges.

Total No of periods: 60

Page 29

CH344 Chemical Engineering Lab II 0 1 3 100

HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LAB 60

List of Experiments *

1. Simple distillation

2. Steam distillation

3. Packed column distillation

4. Bubble cap disttillation

5. Diffusivity measurements

6. Liquid-liquid extraction

7. Wetted wall column

8. Pan dryer

9. Jacketted Pan/Kettle

10. Heat exchanger

11. Evaporator

12. Heat loss in pipes

* Minimum 10 experiments shall be offered.

Total No of periods: 60

Page 30

CE071 Principles of Environmental Science and Engineering 3

COMPONENTS OF ENVIRONMENT

SCIENCE OF ENVIRONMENT

CURRENT ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

ENGINEERING INTERVENTIONS TO REDUCE THE

ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSES

Components - Water, air and land - Inter-relationship between components - Subcomponents; Ecosystem -

Structure and functional components of ecosystem - Development and evolution of ecosystem - Energy flow

and material cycling in ecosystem - Natural and man made impacts on water, air and land; Environment and

development - Concept of sustainable development.

Chemistry, Physics and biology of water, air and land; Stress on the Chemistry, Physics and Biology of water,

air and land owing to the impacts; Environmental quality objective and goals - Policies on development projects

and their impacts, with emphasis on the branch of engineering of the student.

Current Environmental issues at Country level - management of municipal sewage, municipal solid waste,

Hazardous waste and Bio-medical waste - Air pollution due to industries and vehicles; Global issues -

Biodiversity, Climatic change, Ozone layer depletion.

Minimisation of Stress - Principles of Physics, chemistry and biology in engineering interventions such as waste

treatment - Flow sheets of engineering interventions relevant to the Engineering discipline of the student - Waste

minimisation techniques - Clean technology options - Standards of performance of the interventions.

(A) TOOLS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 6

Environmental impact assessment; Precautionary Principle and Polluter Pays Principle; Constitutional

provisions, Legal and economic instruments in Environmental Management; Role of Non-government

organisations - Community participation environmental management works; International conventions and

protocols; Pollution Control Boards and Pollution Control Acts.

(B) FIELD STUDY 3

In-depth study of environmental issues at least one environmentally sensitive site relevant to the discipline of the

student and preparation of a report thereupon.

Total No of periods: 45

Page 31

CE071 Principles of Environmental Science and Engineering 3 0 0 100

Text Books:

1. G.M.Masters, " Introduction to Environmental Engineering & Science ", Prentice Hall,

New Delhi, 1997

2. J.G. Henry and G. W. Heike, " Environmental Science & Engineering ", Prentice Hall

International Inc., New Jersy, 1996.

References:

1. S. K. Dhameja, Environmental Engineering and Management, S. K. Kataria and Sons, New Delhi, 1999.

2. State of India's Environment - A Citizen's Report, Centre for Science and Environment and Others, 1999.

3. Shyam Divan and Armin Rosancranz, Environmental Law and Policy in India, Cases, Materials and

Statutes, Oxford University Press, 2001.

Page 32

CH431 Process Economics and Industrial Management

1. PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT AND ORGANISATION 7

Planning, organisation, staffing, coordination, directing, controlling, communicating, organisation as a process

and a structure; types of organisations.

2. PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT 10

Method study; work measurement techniques; basic procedure; motion study; motion economy; principles of

time study; elements of production control; forecasting; planning , routing; scheduling; despatching; costs and

costs control, inventory and inventory control.

3. QUALITY AND QUALITY CONTROL 4

Elements of quality control, role of control charts in production and quality control.

1. ENGINEERING ECONOMICS FOR PROCESS ENGINEERS 1

2. INTEREST, INVESTMENT COSTS AND COST ESTIMATION 8

Time Value of money; capital costs and depreciation, estimation of capital cost, manufacturing costs and

working capital, invested capital and profitability.

3. PROFITABILITY, INVESTMENT ALTERNATIVE AND REPLACEMENT 10

Estimation of project profitability, sensitivity analysis; investment alternatives; replacement policy; forecasting

sales; inflation and its impact.

4. ANNUAL REPORTS AND ANALYSIS OF PERFORMANCE 3

Principles of accounting; balance sheet; income statement; financial ratios; analysis of performance and growth.

5. ECONOMIC BALANCE 2

Different unit operations with single and multiple variables.

Total No of periods: 45

Page 33

CH431 Process Economics and Industrial Management 3 0 0 100

References:

1. Davis, G.S, " Chemical Engineering Economics and Decision Analysis ", CENDC, I.I.T.,

Madras, 1981.

2. Holand, F.A., Watson, F.A and Wilkinson, J.K., " Introduction to process Economics ",

John Wiley, 1974.

3. Sumanth, D.T., " Production Engineering and Management ", McGraw-Hill, 1984.

4. Shukla, M.C., " Business Organisation and Management ", Sultan Chand and Sons, 1975.

Page 34

CH432 Chemical Reaction Engineering 3 1 0 100

NON-IDEAL REACTORS

HETEROGENEOUS PROCESS AND SOLID CATALYSIS

GAS-SOLID CATALYTIC REACTORS

GAS-SOLID NON-CATALYTIC REACTORS

GAS-LIQUID REACTIONS

The residence time distribution as a factor performance; residence time functions and relationship between them

in reactor; basic models for non-ideal flow; conversion in non-ideal reactors.

Rate equations for heterogeneous reactions nature of catalysis, adsorption isothermal and rates of adsorption,

desorption and surface reaction analysis of rate equation and rate controlling steps, surface area and pore-volume

distribution, catalyst preparation.

Diffusion within catalyst particle effective thermal conductivity mass and heat transfer within catalyst pellets;

effective factors, Thiele Modulus, fixed bed reactors.

Models for explaining the kinetics; volume and surface models; controlling resistances and rate controlling steps;

time for complete conversion for single and mixed sizes, fluidised and static reactors.

Absorption combined with chemical reactions; mass transfer coefficients and kinetic constants; application of

film penetration and surface renewal theories; Hatta number and enhancement factor for first order reaction,

tower reactor design.

Total No of periods: 45

Page 35

CH432 Chemical Reaction Engineering 3 1 0 100

Text Books :

1. Levenspiel , O; " Chemical Reaction Engineering ", 2nd Edition, John Wiley, 1972.

2. Smith J.M., " Chemical Engineering Kinetics ", 3rd edition, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1981.

Page 36

CH433 Mass Transfer II 3 1 0 100

ABSORPTION

DISTILLATION

LIQUID-LIQUID EXTRACTION

SOLID-LIQUID EXTRACTION (LEACHING)

ADSORPTION AND ION EXCHANGE

MISCELLANEOUS SEPARATION PROCESSES

Equilibrium and operating line concept in absorption calculations; types of contactors, design of packed and

plate type absorbers; Operating characteristics of stagewise and differential contactors, concepts of NTU, HTU

and overall volumetric mass transfer coefficients; multicomponent absorption; mechanism and model of

absorption with chemical reaction; thermal effects in absorption process.

Vapour-liquid equilibria, Raoult's law and deviations from ideality, methods of distillation; fractionation of

binary and multicomponent system; design calculations by McCabe-Thiele and ponchon-Savarit, methods;

continuous contact distillation tower (packed tower) design; extractive and azeotropic; distillation low pressure

distillation; steam distillation.

Equilibrium in ternary systems; equilibrium stagewise contact calculations for batch and continuous extractors,

differential contact extraction equipment - spray, packed and mechanically agitated contactors and their design

calculations; pulsed extractors, centrifugal extractors.

Solid-liquid equilibria; leaching equipment-batch and continuous types; calculation of number of stages.

Theories of adsorption of gases and liquids; industrial adsorbents, adsorption equipment for batch and

continuous operation; design calculation of ion-exchange resins; principle of ion-exchnage; industrial

equipment.

Membrane separation process; solid and liquid membranes; concept of osmosis; reverse osmosis; electrodialysis;

their applications; foam separation process; Thermal and sweep diffusion process.

Total No of periods: 45

Page 37

CH433 Mass Transfer II 3 1 0 100

Text Books :

1. R.E.Treybal, " Mass Transfer Operations ", McGraw-Hill, Kogakusha, 1980.

2. W.L McCabe and J.G.Smith, " Unit Operations in Chemical Engineering ",

McGraw-Hill Kogakusha, 1976.

References:

1. T.K.Sherwood R.L Pigford and C.R. Wilke, " Mass Transfer ", McGraw-Hill 1976.

2. C.Judson King " Separation Processes ", Tata McGraw-Hill 1974.

3. A.H.P.Skelland, " Diffusional Mass Transfer ", Krieger, Malapur, FL (1985).

4. Roman Zarfyki and Andrzej Chacuk, " Absorption Fundamentals and Applications ",

Pergamon Press, 1993.

5. P.Wankat " Equilibrium Stage Separations ", Prentice Hall, 1993. R.F.Strigle (jr), Packed

Tower Design and Application, 2nd Edn Gulf Publishing company U.S.A. 1994.

Page 38

CH434 Transport Phenomena 3 1 0 100

PHILOSOPHY AND FUNDAMENTALS OF

TRANSPORT PHENOMENA

TRANSPORT BY MOLECULAR MOTION

ONE DIMENSIONAL TRANSPORT IN LAMINAR FLOW (SHELL BALANCE)

EQUATIONS OF CHANGE AND THEIR APPLICATIONS

TRANSPORT IN TURBULENT AND BOUNDARY LAYER FLOW

ANALOGIES BETWEEN TRANSPORT PROCESSES

Importance of transport phenomena; analogous nature of transfer process; basic concepts, conservation laws;

continuous concept, field, reference frames, substantial derivative and boundary conditions; methods of analysis;

differential, integral and experimental methods.

Phenomenological laws of transport properties, newtonian and non newtonian fluids ; rheological models;

theories of transport properties of gases and liquids; effect of pressure and temperature.

General method of shell balance approach to transfer problems; Choosing the shape of the shell; most common

boundary conditions; momentum flux and velocity distribution for flow of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids

in pipes, for flow of newtonian fluids in planes, slits and annulus heat flux and temperature distribution for heat

sources such as electrical, nuclear, viscous and chemical; forced and free convection; mass flux and

concentration profile for diffusion in stagnant gas, systems involving reaction and forced convection.

Conservation laws and equations of change; Developement of equations of continuity motion and energy in

single multicomponents systems in rectangular coordinates and the forms in curvilinear coordinates; simplified

forms of equations for special cases, solutions of momentum, mass and heat transfer problems discussed under

shell balance by applications of equation of change, scale factors; applications in scale-up.

Turbulents phenomena; phenomenological relations for transfer fluxes; time smoothed equations of change and

their applications for turbulent flow in pipes; boundary layer theory; laminar and turbulent hydrodynamics

thermal and concentration boundary layer and their thickness; analysis of flow overflat surface.

Importance of analogy; developement and applications of analogies between momentum and mass transfer;

Reynolds, prandtl, Von Karman and Colburn analogies.

Total No of periods: 45

Page 39

CH434 Transport Phenomena 3 1 0 100

Text Book :

1. R.B.Bird, W.E.Stewart and E.W.Lighfoot, " Transport Phenomena ", John Wiley, 1978.

References:

1. Robert. S.Brodkey, Harry C.Hershey, " Transport Phenomena ", McGraw-Hill

International Edn 1988.

2. L.S.Sissom, and D.R.Pitts, " Elements of Transport Phenomena ", McGraw-Hill. New York, 1972.

3. R.W.Fahien, " Elementary, Transport Phenomena ", McGraw-Hill, New York, 1983.

4. J.R.Wilty, R.W.Wilson, and C.W.Wicks, " Fundamentals of Momentum Heat and Mass Transfer ",

2nd Edn., John Wiley, New York, 1973.

Page 40

GE035 Professional Ethics 3 0 0 100

ENGINEERING ETHICS

ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION

ENGINEER'S RESPONSIBILITY FOR SAFETY

RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS

GLOBAL ISSUES

Senses of 'Engineering Ethics' - variety of moral issues - types of inquiry - moral dilemmas - moral autonomy -

kohlberg's theory -giligan's theory - consensus and controversy - professions and professionalism - professional

ideals and virtues - theories about right action - self-interest-customs and religion - uses of ethical theories

Engineering as experimentation - engineers as responsible experimenters - codes of ethics-a balanced outlook on

law-the challenger case study

Safety and risk - assessment of stafety and risk - risk benefit analysis-reducing risk-the three mile island and

chernobyI case studies.

Collegiality and loyalty - respect for authority - collective bargaining - confidentiality - conflicts of interest -

occupational crime - professional rights - employee rights - intellectual property rights (ipr)-discrimination.

Multinational corporations - environmental ethics-computer ethics-weapons development-engineers as

managers-consulting engineers-engineers as expert witnesses and advisors-moral leadership-sample code of

conduct.

Total No of periods: 45

Page 41

GE035 Professional Ethics 3 0 0 100

Text Book:

1. Mike Martin and roland Schinzinger, "Ethics in Engineering", McGraw Hill, New York 1996.

References :

1. Charles D.Fleddermann, "Engineering Ethics", prentice Hall, New Mexico, 1999.

2. Laura Schlesinger, "How Could You Do That: The Abdication of Character, Courage, and

Conscience", Harper Collins, New York, 1996.

3. Stephen Carter, "Integrity", Basic Books, New York, 1996.

4. Tom Rusk, "The Power of Ethical Persuasion: From Conflict to Partership at Work and in

Private Life", Viking, New York, 1993.

Page 42

CH435 Chemical Process Equipment Design II 0 1 4 100

Design of the following equipments as per ASME, ISI, TEMA codes and drawing according to scale.

Drawing and design of

1. STORAGE VESSELS FOR NON-VOLATILE AND VOLATILE FLUIDS

2. PRESSURE VESSELS AND AUTOCLAVES

Drawing and design of Monobloc and multilayer vessels

3. HEAT EXCHANGERS

Drawing and design of Double pipe, single pass and multipass exchangers, floating head, U-tube heat

exchangers and condensers.

4. EVAPORATORS

Drawing and design Standard vertical tube evaporator, single and multiple effect evaporators, forced

circulation evaporator.

5. ABSORPTION TOWER

Plate and packed towers

6. EXTRACTION TOWER

Plate and packed towers.

7. DISTILLATION TOWER

Plate and packed towers.

8. DRYERS

Rotary and spray dryers.

9. FILTERS

Filter presses and filtering type centrifuge.

Total No of periods: 60

Page 43

CH435 Chemical Process Equipment Design II 0 1 4 100

Text Books:

1. Kern, D.Q; " Process Heat Transfer ", McGraw-Hill, Revised Edition, 1985.

2. Brownhell, I.E., Young , E.H., " Chemical Plant Design ", Revised Edition, 1985.

Page 44

CH436 Chemical Engineering Lab III 0 0 4 100

CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING AND PROCESS CONTROL LAB 60

List of Experiments *

1. Kinetic studies in a batch reactor

2. Kinetics a plug flow reactor

3. Kinetics in a PFR followed by a CSTR

4. RTD in a PFR

5.RTD in a packed bed

6. RTD in CSTR's in series

7. Study of step response

8. Time constant in measuring instrument

9. Study in level control

10. Study in temperature control

11. Study in flow control

12. Study in interacting and non-interacting system

13. Study in valve characteristics

*Minimum 10 experiments shall be offered.

Total No of periods: 60

Page 45

CH437 Seminar and Comprehension 0 0 4 100

The Objective of the comprehension test is to assess the overall level of proficiency and the scholastic attainment

of the student in the various subjects studied during the degree course.

Total No of periods:

GE406 TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT 3 0 0 100

1. INTRODUCTION 9

Definition of Quality, Dimensions of Quality, Quality Planning, Quality costs - Analysis

Techniques for Quality Costs, Basic concepts of Total Quality Management, Historical Review,

Principles of TQM, Leadership – Concepts, Role of Senior Management, Quality Council,

Quality Statements, Strategic Planning, Deming Philosophy, Barriers to TQM Implementation.

2. TQM PRINCIPLES 9

Customer satisfaction – Customer Perception of Quality, Customer Complaints, Service Quality,

Customer Retention, Employee Involvement – Motivation, Empowerment, Teams, Recognition

and Reward, Performance Appraisal, Benefits, Continuous Process Improvement – Juran Trilogy,

PDSA Cycle, 5S, Kaizen, Supplier Partnership – Partnering, sourcing, Supplier Selection,

Supplier Rating, Relationship Development, Performance Measures – Basic Concepts, Strategy,

Performance Measure.

3. STATISTICAL PROCESS CONTROL (SPC) 9

The seven tools of quality, Statistical Fundamentals – Measures of central Tendency and

Dispersion, Population and Sample, Normal Curve, Control Charts for variables and attributes,

Process capability, Concept of six sigma, New seven Management tools.

4. TQM TOOLS 9

Benchmarking – Reasons to Benchmark, Benchmarking Process, Quality Function Deployment

(QFD) – House of Quality, QFD Process, Benefits, Taguchi Quality Loss Function, Total

Productive Maintenance (TPM) – Concept, Improvement Needs, FMEA – Stages of FMEA.

5. QUALITY SYSTEMS 9

Need for ISO 9000 and Other Quality Systems, ISO 9000:2000 Quality System – Elements,

Implementation of Quality System, Documentation, Quality Auditing, QS 9000, ISO 14000 –

Concept, Requirements and Benefits.

TEXT BOOK:

1. Dale H.Besterfiled, et at., Total Quality Management, Pearson Education Asia, 1999.

(Indian reprint 2002).

REFERENCES:

1. James R.Evans & William M.Lidsay, The Management and Control of Quality, (5th

Edition), South-Western (Thomson Learning), 2002 (ISBN 0-324-06680-5).

2. Feigenbaum.A.V. “Total Quality Management, McGraw-Hill, 1991.

3. Oakland.J.S. “Total Quality Management Butterworth – Hcinemann Ltd., Oxford. 1989.

4. Narayana V. and Sreenivasan, N.S. Quality Management – Concepts and Tasks, New

Age International 1996.

5. Zeiri. “Total Quality Management for Engineers Wood Head Publishers, 1991.

Page 47

CH438 Project Work 0 0 12 200

Each student is required to submit a report on the project assigned to him by the department. The report should

be based on the information available in the literature or data obtained in the laboratory/industry.

The objective of the project is to make use of the knowledge gained by the student at various stages of the

degree course. This helps to judge the level of proficiency, originality and capacity for application of the

knowledge attained by the student at the end of the course.

Total No of periods:

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Thursday, December 17, 2009

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